Modular Load Flow for Restructured Power Systems

Inthe subject of power systems, authors felt that a re-look is necessary at someconventional methods of analysis. In this book, the authors have subjected thetime-honoured load flow to a close scrutiny. Authors have discovered and discusseda new load flow procedure Modular Load Flow. Modular LoadFlow explores use of power ascalar as source for electrical circuits which are conventionally analysed bymeans of phasors the ac voltages or currents. The method embeds Kirchhoff scircuit laws as topological property into its scalar equations and results in aunique wonderland where phase angles do not exist! Generatorsare shown to have their own worldswhich can be superimposed to obtain the state of the composite power system.  The treatment is useful in restructured powersystems where stakeholders and the system operators may desire to knowindividual generator contributions in line flows and line losses for commercialreasons. Solution in Modular Load Flow consists of explicit expressions whichare applicable with equal ease to well-conditioned, ill-conditioned and verylow voltage situations. It is found to be computationally much faster than theiterative load flows and indicates promise for online application. Indian blackoutsof July 30 and 31, 2012 are analysed using an equivalent grid network toindicate its utility. Besides its ability to deal with ground reality in powersystems, Modular Load Flow points to a theory that unveils interestingmathematical structures which should entice avid researchers. Second authorhas had first author as teacher and third author as student. The lecture notestherefore reflect ethos of three generations of teachers.