Atomic energy...a preliminary introduction

Every substance on Earth, and perhaps in the entire universe, consists of one or more elements combined with each other. An example of this is table salt, which consists of chlorine and sodium. Another example is water, which consists of the elements oxygen and hydrogen, and the smallest part that can be found in an element or can be considered the building block for this element is called an atom. The well-known model of the atom is a nucleus containing protons and neutrons bound together by large forces called nuclear forces. Surrounding the nucleus is an area in which the electrons that revolve around the nucleus swim in fixed orbits. This model was developed by the English scientist &quote;Rutherford&quote; and the Danish scientist &quote;Nelsbohr.&quote; This model is similar to the sun's model. The &quote;planets&quote; revolve around them. The nucleus of the atom is positively charged as a whole, the electrons surrounding it are negatively charged, and the atom as a whole is neutral in charge, meaning that the sum of the negative charges in it is equal to the sum of the positive charges. The simplest type of atom is the hydrogen atom, which contains one electron orbiting around a nucleus containing one proton. Next to this atom is the helium atom, which contains two electrons around a nucleus containing two protons. Since the presence of two positively charged protons in a small space such as the nucleus results in their repulsion, the presence of neutrons solves this difficulty. Their presence creates bonding forces between them and the protons in the nucleus, making their separation difficult.