O Mama Africa!

This book presents the cases of countries and empires that succeeded each other in different parts of Africa before the 15th century. Following the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, various European countries rushed to establish trading posts and engage in the slave trade. And following the Berlin Conference in 1885, European countries divided up Africa by establishing direct colonial settlements. Africans have lived through a painful past. After independence, African countries wanted to emancipate themselves and develop. Unfortunately, internal problems and external plots mean that Africans are living through an unhappy present. In the future, can we predict a happy or doubtful future for Africans? We have cited numerous problems and a dozen indices that show that Africa is the most backward continent in the world, and more than ¾ of African countries rank at the bottom of all indicators established by various organizations.