Study on Effects of Pollution on Flora of Bhimber and Gujrat, Pakistan

Morphological and anatomical study of Cassia saimea L., Solanum nigrum L., From Gujrat and Bhimber, were carried out. Study includes the difference in the structure of leaves, root and stem morphology and anatomy due to the auto exhaust. The plants from both side showed visible morphological and anatomical changes in leaves (0.54µm versus 0.95 µm). However some reductions in the feature were observed in leaves morphometric which were collected from polluted area of Gujrat (Road side). Significant (p<0.05) reduction in length of Cassia saimea Lam., (3.53 cm) Solanum nigrum L., (2.20) leaves found on the road side in Gujrat was recorded. Also,(p<0.05) reduction of stem epidermal cell, vascular and root upper and lower epidermis in plants from polluted areas was noticed. Reduction in pith cell of root and stem from polluted area was also observed. Due to unfavorable environmental conditions, root and stem of the plants from Gujrat and Bhimber showed reduction in cell size. Keeping such record of anatomical and morphological data would be helpful in understanding the current trend of environment impact on plant growth and its consequent impacts quality and yield.