The Thyroid Gland and Its Peptides

Many peptides by their molecular metabolism in the thyroid gland cell are involved: mutations of the TSH receptor are a source of TSH resistance with congenital hypothyroidism. A new oroxigenic peptide, Ghrelin, is diffused in the body and with tachykinin another new paracrine endocrine factor peptide; PTTG and FGF-2 are prognostic markers of differentiated thyroid cancers; CRIF1 is a new core protein that interacts with Gadd45 and may play a role in the negative regulation of the cell cycle of progression and growth ; protooncongenic RET mutations have become the marker of medullary thyroid cancer supplanting calcitonin to which should be added CGRP, CGRPbeta and amylin; regulatory proteins binding cyclic AMP, G protein, Gi alpha 1, MAL proteolipid protein are identified alongside immunological antigens active in Basedow's disease, autoimmune polyendocrinopathies.These peptides, by the diversity of their function, argue in favour of the medical science concept of equivalent general endocrinology.