New Approaches In The Pest Integrated Managements

A recent IPM pyramid presented by and identified a lack of a holistic IPM approach that uses both traditional and modern tools. However, his conceptual framework mainly dealt with the ecological aspects of pest management with an emphasis on interdisciplinary research approach. Several reports indicated that IPM implementation depends on numerous factors including the level of education, economic and social conditions, environmental awareness, rational thinking, moral values, regulatory aspects, government policies, availability of IPM tools, extension education, consumer preference, and retail marketing However, there is no IPM model that encompasses all these factors and provides a comprehensive description. The interpretation of IPM also varies among those who develop, promote, or practice IPM strategies.