Biomarkers of Diabetic Retinopathy

Serum Cystatin C, hs-CRP and Homocysteine as biomarkers of Diabetic Retinopathy in patients with T2DM. The aim of this book is to investigate the levels of serum cystatin C, C-reactive protein and Homocysteine (Hcy) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and elucidate their clinical prognostic significance. We propose that serum levels of cystatin C, C-reactive protein and Homocysteine (Hcy) play an important role in the clinical implications for patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.